Is the water from my well safe to use after a cellar flood?
Nobody on a drying crew can answer that, and a technician will not pretend to. Private-well testing in Massachusetts is set by your local board of health, so that is the office to call. Until you have an answer, use bottled or hauled water for drinking, cooking and brushing teeth.
The reason the restoration trade stays out of this is that water quality is a laboratory question with a public-health office behind it. Our research found that private-well testing requirements are set locally by the board of health rather than by one statewide rule, which means your answer comes from your own town and may differ from the next town's.
Two practical points while you wait. Running a tap hard does not make an unknown supply safe, and a treatment lamp or filter that spent a night under water should be considered out of service rather than protecting you. Both of those are reasons to get the testing question moving on the same day you get the water out.
What does a flood do to a well pump and pressure tank?
Water gets into places that were designed to stay dry: the pump motor housing, the pressure switch contacts, the control box, filter housings and the wiring to all of them. Some of it survives, some does not, and the difference is not visible. The parts are assessed by the trade that services them, not by the drying crew.
A jet pump sitting on the cellar floor and a pressure tank on a low pad are both in the first few inches of any flood, and a few inches is all most cellar floods are. A submersible pump down the well is less exposed, but its control box and its wiring are usually indoors and low.
What the drying crew does is get the room dry quickly so that whatever is salvageable is not sitting wet for days, keep the record of what was under water, and work around whoever you bring in. For the electrical and plumbing side, Massachusetts licenses plumbers and gas fitters through the Board of State Examiners of Plumbers and Gas Fitters, and you can look up a licence with the state before anyone starts.
Does insurance cover a flooded cellar around a well or septic line?
It depends on the policy and the cause, and the insurer decides. Surface flooding, sewer or drain backup and sump-pump failure are generally excluded from a standard homeowner policy unless an endorsement has been added, while a sudden failure inside the house is generally treated differently from gradual seepage.
That is the pattern, not a ruling on your claim. The Massachusetts Division of Insurance runs a Consumer Service Unit for complaints about an insurer's handling of a claim, and it is clear that it cannot decide the cause of a loss. Only your insurer can read your policy against what happened at your house.
What helps either way is a record: photographs before anything is moved, a note of what was under water, and the drying readings a technician leaves with you. Our water damage insurance claims guide sets out the general pattern and where to go if a claim is denied.
Do I need the cellar dried if the pump is being replaced anyway?
Yes. Replacing equipment does not dry a slab, a sill or a fieldstone wall, and an old cellar that stays damp for a week or more is where mold problems start. The EPA's general guidance is to dry clean-water-wetted material within 24 to 48 hours.
New equipment installed into a wet room has a wet room around it, and the moisture does not stay in the cellar: it moves up into the joists, the subfloor and anything stored on the first floor. Drying is also what gives you readings to show that the problem was dealt with rather than covered over.
If the flood has already been sitting for days, the question shifts from drying to what has to come out. That is covered on the mold after water damage page, and the drying itself on structural drying and dehumidification.
How does the Millers River valley history fit a cellar on a private system?
The valley has a documented flood record. The Millers River flooded at Athol in November 1927 after a tropical storm, in March 1936 on the spring melt and in September 1938 during the hurricane, and the Birch Hill and Tully Lake dams were built afterwards for flood control.
Those are the region's big water events, recorded in local history and in federal flood reports, and they are the reason this part of the state has flood-control structures at all. What they do not tell you is anything about your own cellar: no street, cellar or neighbourhood here is described as flooding in any source we could use, and we will not invent one.
The useful reading is seasonal rather than geographic. Saturated ground in spring, a fast melt over frozen soil, and summer cloudbursts are the conditions under which cellars in this area take water and septic fields stop accepting it. Snowmelt and spring thaw basement water covers the melt side of that.