What happened in the December 2008 ice storm?
An unusually intense ice-loading event that covered a wide area of New England and knocked out power for hundreds of thousands of people. In Massachusetts about 350,000 customers lost service, the Governor declared a state of emergency, and a federal emergency declaration covered nine counties including Worcester County.
Outage times ranged widely. Some customers were back on in hours, but about 77,000 were still without power five days after the storm. In hill towns such as Royalston, where the lines run through heavy forest, some people reported nine and a half days without electricity, and in Princeton many residents were still without power almost a week later.
It is a reference point for what an ice storm here can do, and why a house without power for that long develops three problems at once: the sump stops, the heat dies, and frozen pipes burst.
Is it safe to run a generator in the cellar?
No. A generator, a fuel heater, a charcoal grill or a camp stove all produce carbon monoxide, which is heavier than air and collects in cellars and other low spaces. Death from carbon monoxide in a basement is quiet and has no smell, and every power outage season brings deaths that way.
A generator must be kept outside and well away from windows, doors and vents, with the exhaust pointed away from the building. If temporary heat is needed, a space heater on a thermostatic outlet, or a car running in an open garage door only, is the right approach. A fireplace with a working chimney that is not in a basement is a fallback.
That is the first conversation when the power goes out, not the water.
What should happen first: the burst pipe or the cellar?
The burst pipe, if there is one, because it is the ongoing damage. A cellar full of water sits there, but a supply line under pressure fills walls and drips into the floor below and the rooms above until it is dealt with. Thaw what is frozen first, then worry about the standing water.
A supply line that is frozen can sometimes be thawed from inside if it is in the house and accessible, or by removing trim and opening a wall if it is in an exterior wall. A burst line is a plumber's call and needs to be depressurised and capped. Some of this work cannot be done until there is heat in the house, so the heating system comes first, then the water supply, then the cellar.
What happens to the sump pump when the power goes out?
It stops. The cellar water rises as the inflow continues, because the sump is no longer pumping out. Once the power returns the pump can drain what is there in a few hours, unless the freeze has also burst a supply line and the new problem is a leak inside.
A battery-backed sump keeps pumping for a day or two after the power fails, which buys time. If the house has no backup and the power is out for days, the cellar flood becomes inevitable unless a generator-powered pump is brought in. Sump pump failure water damage covers what a simple power loss does to an unpumped cellar.
Does a homeowner policy cover an ice storm and a power outage?
It depends on what happened next. Sudden and accidental water damage caused by the storm or the failed sump is usually covered; a burst supply line caused by freezing is usually covered; a house that lost heat and got cold is usually not. The policy and the insurer decide, and the crew cannot.
That is one reason it is worth reading the policy before the season. Know what happens if the sump fails, if a supply line freezes, and whether the ice damage to the roof or the walls is covered. An outage is not a covered cause; what follows the outage is what matters.
If a claim is denied and you think it was mishandled, the Massachusetts Division of Insurance Consumer Service Unit takes complaints, though it cannot decide the cause of a loss. Readers in the New Hampshire towns go to the New Hampshire Insurance Department. The claims guide explains what to keep and why.